Building construction.



J. C. PELTON.

BUILDING CONSTRUCT (Application iled Aug. 419, 18

No. 652,2l9.

(No Modal.)

Patented lune I9, |9001. J. C. PILTIJN. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

(Application filed Aurg. 19, 1899.)

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

No. 652,2l9.

(N0 Model.)

.F E A /N VEA/70H fa/zn C. Pe [a/z `A from/EY w/TNESSES UNITED STATESPATENT OFFICE.

JOHN COTTER PELTON, OF NEV YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO LEROY E.MOSHER, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

SPECIFICATION 'forming part of Lettere Patent No. 652,219, dated .inne19,1900.

Application le August 19, 1899. Serial No. 727,760. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN COTTER PELTON, a citizen of the United States,residing at New York, in the county and State of New York,

have invented certain new and useful Improvements in BuildingConstruction, of Which the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription.

My invention relates to improvements in ro building construction, andparticularly tothe construction of a iloor that shall possess unusualfirmness and strength, while at the same Vtime being unusually light inconsequence of the economical employment and I5 distribution of theseveral parts thereof. In

addition to the abovefeatures the floor possesses the advantage of beingreproof.

My object, therefore, is to provide a flooring for buildings that may besimply and rapo idly constructed land that shall combine the aboveadvantages.

In the drawings, Figure l is a sectional View of a portion of flooring,said section being taken on a line parallel with the iron beams commonlyemployed. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of one of the details ofconstruction, partly in section. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of anotherdetail. Fig. 4 is a side elevation .of a detached strengthening-core of.what I 3o shall hereinafter term a flintel-block. Fig.

5 is a sectional modification. Fig. 6 is a section of a portion of alintel and strengthem l ing-core.

A is a door block or tile. B is an internal 3 5 metallicstrengthening-core in the form of a perforated sheet of metal, theopposite edges of which may, if desired, be upset or swelled or wrappedaround a rod B', by which said edges may be anchored. In constructing 4othis floor-block any suitable material which can be molded-for example,concrete-may be employed to envelop the perforated strengthening-stripB, which material when once set is anchored through and through saidstrip, thus making the addition to the swelled edges merely anadditional means of security. It is because the core B is captured bythe material of the Hoor-block A at so many points that.in manyinstances said 5o core may comprise merely a comparativelythin sheet ofmetal. While it is preferable to have the perforated sheet-metal coreBHat, or substantially so, the same may, if desired, be concaved.` Theseblocks A in my pre- -ferred construction have their ends downwardly andinwardly inclined and have a iiat, even, and comparatively-smoothbearing-surface to take up uniformly against the supporting member,termed the lintel-block which will now be referred to. The lintel-blockF is 6o shown in detail in Fig. 2, in which its position is illustratedwith reference to the iron supporting-beams such as I prefer to employ.

D D are iron`beams, commonly termed I- beams, which derive their supportin the usual manner. Between these beams D D the lintel is placed, andas many of them may be employed as may be determined is necessary. ThelintelA-block comprises a central strengthening-core E of suitablematerial, 7o preferably metal, in which core are arranged rows ofobliquely-faced perforations, by which I mean rows of perforations whichare inclined in opposite directions away from the center of the arch,the pitch of which gradually decrease toward opposite ends of the coreE, which may be readily understood by referring to Fig. 4. Around thiscore is formed an envelop of concrete or other suitable material, whichpreferably entirely covers the core and `So passes through theperforations therein, so as to form a secure anchorage for said'core ateach perforation, as shown in Fig. 6, which view merely illustrates aportion of a lintel F, said section being taken upon a line to indicateaperforation in said core through which the enveloping material passes.The finished lintel-block is of a shape which in general may be bestseen by reference to Fig. l, in which it will be observed that the lowerpor- 9o tion thereof is the thickest and preferably of an angularoutline. The sides of the lintelblock converge toward its upper edge atan. angle corresponding as nearly as possible to the ends of thefloor-blocks A which are to be supported thereby. If desired, abruptshoulders F may be formed on the outer surface of the lintelF at a pointadjacent to the lower abutting surface of the floor-blocks, whicharrangement will be found very deroo sirable in reproof construction. Itis preferable that the web or core E, by which the lintel isstrengthened, should have its opposite edges wrapped around one or morecables G, thus giving to the core an added strength, the size, strength,or number of which may be varied as desired, and by which the strengthof the metal may be gradu-l ated or varied to its exact needs Withoutvarying the thickness of the material of the perforated strip E, whichmay, in general, be practically the same. In practice I have elnployedfor this purpose what is known as No. 26 sheet-iron, and have varied thesize of the cable G as necessity required, and have practicallyascertained by experiment that the weight-supporting capacity may bedetermined thereby. I/Vhile it is cheaper to construct the envelop of ahomogeneous mass of material, if desired the construction may be varied,for example, by building up layer upon layer of thin lireproof materialto be.

subsequently pressed into the shape before described. To that end,therefore, I have taken cloth or paper and after first treating it witha iireproof solution have smeared it with a plastic concrete possessingfireproof qualities and have wrapped it around and around the core Euntil it was of the desired size, after which I have compressed it intothe desired shape. lSuch a construction is unusually iireproof in thatit cannot upon being subjected to great heat crack throughout, but will,if it cracks at all, separate layer by layer, so that only af te'r avery prolonged heat will its'holding capacity be destroyed, and thenonly after it has been repeatedly subjected to the shock of water thrownagainst the same, which will too rapidly cool and contact the materialand resnltin the rupture of thesame. Obviously this construction is notconfined to the manufacture of lintel-blocks; but it may beadvantageously employed in building constructions wherever it is desiredto resist successive -shocks of heat and cold.

Vhile I have shown and described preferred forms of construction ofvarious details of construction, the same may be quite radically variedwithout departing from the spirit and scope of my invention. For eX-ample, While the best results are obtained by gradually lowering thepitch of perforations in the core E away from the center, satisfactoryresults may be obtained by forming said rows in substantially parallellines; but the former is preferred, since it produces a lintelblockwhich supports the strain of a heavy weight more after the manner of anarch.

The detail of construction shown in Fig. 3 is a modification of thestrengthening-cores previously referred to in which in place of a sheetof metal I employ.strengthening-cables G G', connected together bystrips of sheet metal or wire E', crossing diagonally and, if desired,riveted, as at E2, where said intermediate connections cross.

In Fig. l I have shown a ceiling H, which, it" desired, may be employedand which may be supported in any desired manner to the 1liquely-arranged lines extending in opposite directions away from thecenter of said 1inunder side of the door-as, for example, by wires I. y

In Fig. 5 I have shown a preferred method 7o of supporting aceiling-block in which I have provided a second set of angularprojections F2 upon the lintel and have provided the ceiling-block IIwith a flange H2, to rest upon. said shoulder F2, and thereby derive itssupport. A ceiling of this construction may be readily let into place,if desired; before the floor-blocks A are set in or, if desired,afterward in various ways.

It is a well-known fact in building constructions that I-beams areseldom placed more than four or live feet apart, because of thedifliculty of forming a suitable arch with the limited amount ofmaterial that it is advantageous to employ in the door and still securea sufficient amount of strength. By the improved constructionllereinbefore described itis clear that the I-beams may be placed, ifdesired, at a much greater distance apart than has heretofore been therule without sacrificing any strength and without increasing thethickness and bulk of the material. Heretofore the span of the arch wasfromv beam to beam, whereas by the present construction the span runs inan opposite direction, the lintels providing the shoulder or skew-backto take the thrust of the arched floor-block.

What I claim is-v 1. In a building construction, a lintel, havinginclined sides, a door-block having oppo- IOO i sitely-inclined ends andbearing against said lintel, a stre ngthening-core enveloped in saidlintel, said core being perforated and through which perforations theenveloping material extends.

2. In a building construction, a lintel, a door-block, astrengthening-core enveloped in said lintel, said core being perforatedon obliquely-arranged lines, through which perforations the envelopingmaterial extends.

3. In a building construction, a lintel, a strengthening-core for saidlintel enveloped therein, said core being perforated on ob-Y IIO tel,and through which perforations the enveloping material extends, and adoor-block supported by said lintel.

4. In a building construction, a lintel, comprising a strengtheningcore,perforations therein arranged in oblique lines extending away from thecenter, an envelop therefor the material of which passes through theperforations of said core to anchor the same.

5. In a building construction, a lintel, comprising, astrengthening-core of perforated sheet metal, cables carried thereby atopposite edges thereof, perforations in the sheetmetal portion of saidcore and. an envelop of suitable material inclosing the aforesaid coreand passing through the perforations therein from opposite sidesthereof.

6. In a building construction, a lintel, a

strengthening-core for said lintel, said core being perforated on-linesobliquely arranged` and extending in opposite directions away from thecenter of said lintel and at gradually-reduced angles of inclinationtoward the ends thereof, perforations in said core,tl1 rough whichperforations the enveloping material upon opposite sides of said lintelis connected, and a floonblock bearing against said lintel.

7. In abuilding construction, a lintel coinprising a strengthening-core,said core being perforated on an obliquely-arranged line, an envelopingmaterial, said material extending through and being anchored in saidperforations, said lintel being adapted to support floor-blocks,substantially as described.

S. In a building construction, a lintel, a perforated sheet-metal coretherefor, said core being embedded in said lintel and verticallyarranged with respect to its normal position, the opposite sides of saidlintel being inclined upwardly and inwardly and adapted to receive andsupport floor-blocks which bear against opposite sides of said lintel tolaterally support the same and preserve it in its upright position.

9. In a building construction, a plurality of cross-beams arranged inparallel, a plurality of lintel-blocks supported by said beams andarranged in parallel but in planes transversely to the supporting-beams,a perforated metal core in each of said lintels, and flooring-blockssupported by said lintels.

10. In abuilding construction, a lintel comprising a strengthening core,an envelop therefor comprising a series of layers bearing against andsecured to each other.

11. In a building construction, a lintel" block comprising a perforatedcore and a laminated envelop the inner layers being secured to eachother through said perforations and the outer layers being secured oneupon another.

Signed at New York, N. Y., this 16th lday of August, 1899. y,

JOI-IN COTTER PELTON.

Witnesses:

R. C. MITCHELL, GEORGE T. HACKLEY.

